Helictites (Buchanan 2025) Helictites are a type of solidified speleothem, usually tortuous formations that occur in some caves. Typically composed of dimorphic calcium carbonate (CaCO3). On occasion aragonite can precipitate in low energy systems. They are characterised by their twisted, curved, or helical shape, often appearing as if they have grown in defiance of gravity. The formation of helictites is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of factors, including: The slow dripping of mineral-rich water, which deposits CaCO3 as it evaporates or comes into contact with the cave air. The presence of microorganisms, such as bacteria, which may play a role in the precipitation of CaCO3, chemotaxis can influence the trajectory of growth. The unique chemistry, climate and physics of the cave environment, including factors such as temperature, humidity, and air currents. Helictites can form through a variety...
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