Cave and Karst

  Groundwater Divides and Erosion of Terrestrial Horizons: A Critical Review of the Academic Paradigm - Mike Buchanan, 2022   Introduction The concept of groundwater divides has been a cornerstone of hydrogeology and broader hydrological sciences for decades. However, accumulating evidence challenges the traditional view of these divides as fixed and distinct boundaries. This paper critically examines the prevailing academic paradigm, focusing on the impact of tectonic activity, gravitational forces, and climatic erosion on terrestrial horizons. While the discussion is rooted in hydrogeology, the subject’s relevance spans across geoscientific disciplines due to its broader implications for terrestrial erosion processes, landscape evolution, and resource management. The Traditional Paradigm of Groundwater Divides Historically, the dominant model has operated under two main assumptions: Sharp and distinct groundwater divides – These are viewed as clear-cut ...

  Biological Enhancement of Speleogenesis in Carbonate Karst Systems Buchanan 2022 Abstract Subterranean biological communities play a critical role in enhancing speleogenesis in natural carbonate karst systems. Through the production of carbonic and sulfuric acids, organic acid secretion, and physical interactions with the substrate, organisms such as microbes, amphipods, and other stygofauna contribute to the chemical and mechanical dissolution of carbonate rock. This paper explores these processes from a molecular and ecological perspective, providing a cited and structured understanding of how biology drives geological transformation underground. 1. Introduction Speleogenesis, the formation and development of caves, has traditionally been considered a primarily geochemical process driven by the dissolution of carbonate rocks. However, recent studies underscore the role of biological processes in accelerating and shaping cave formation (Banks, Burke and Smith, 2010). T...

  The Importance of Stratified Biospeleology in Aquifer Drawdown and Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) - Mike Buchanan 2023 Abstract Subterranean ecosystems, especially those within karst systems, play a vital but often overlooked role in sustaining global freshwater supplies and maintaining water quality. This paper explores the significance of stratified biospeleology, particularly its intersection with aquifer drawdown and Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR). Through examining the ecological functions of subterranean organisms and the hydrological intricacies of karst systems, I highlight the urgent need for informed, sustainable groundwater management practices that acknowledge the fragility and value of these hidden ecosystems. 1. Introduction The study of subterranean life, stratified biospeleology offers critical insights into the complex interplay between geology, hydrology, and biology in underground ecosystems. These systems are vital to water quality and biodiversity, ye...

  The Interconnected Crisis: Environmental Degradation and Its Impacts Mike Buchanan, 2025   Abstract Environmental degradation is a pressing global issue that threatens the stability of ecosystems and the well-being of human populations. This paper explores three critical aspects of this crisis: ocean acidification, groundwater contamination, and biodiversity loss. It highlights the interconnectedness of these problems and emphasises the urgent need for sustainable practices and international cooperation to mitigate their impacts. Introduction The health of our planet is increasingly compromised by human activities that contribute to environmental degradation. Industrialisation, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practices are driving a range of ecological crises. Understanding the complex interactions between these issues is essential for developing effective solutions. This paper focuses on ocean acidification, groundwater contamination, and biodiversit...

  The Cycle of Contamination: Environmental Justice and Corporate Malfeasance in Resource Extraction Mike Buchanan - 2025 Abstract This paper explores the environmental and social consequences of resource extraction by multinational corporations, with a particular focus on developing regions. It examines the cycle of contamination resulting from activities such as mining, which disproportionately affect marginalised communities. Key issues include acid mine drainage (AMD), heavy metal contamination and the degradation of karst environments. The study critiques corporate malfeasance highlights the urgent need for more robust regulation, community empowerment, and sustainable development. Case studies and scholarly research are used to support calls for enhanced accountability and environmental justice. Introduction The extraction of natural resources by multinational corporations frequently results in severe environment...

  The Role of SiO2 Boxwork in Hypogene Karstification: Distinctions from Epigene Processes and Implications for Secondary Mineral Deposition Buchanan 2022 Abstract This paper explores the significance of SiO2 boxwork structures as indicators of hypogene karstification, contrasting them with epigenetic processes. It discusses the formation mechanisms of chert and boxwork, their implications for groundwater migration, and their role in the development of karst features. The paper emphasises the lack of SiO2 boxwork in epigene environments due to limited groundwater permeation and highlights the relevance of low-energy settings in secondary mineral deposition. Introduction Karst systems are characterised by unique geological features formed through the dissolution of soluble rocks, primarily limestone and dolomite. This paper focuses on the distinctions between hypogene and epigene karstification, particularly the role of SiO2 boxwork structures in hypogene environments. H...

  Reconsidering Groundwater Abstraction in Carbonate Terrains: A Karstological Perspective on Structural Risk and Hydrogeological Oversight Mike Buchanan 2024 Abstract This position paper challenges the prevailing hydrological narrative advocating continued groundwater abstraction from carbonate aquifers, particularly in karstified regions of the UK. While arguments for water resilience are valid, they overlook critical geostructural and ecological dimensions. We argue that sustained drawdown in carbonate successions, especially those with complex karst systems, induces mechanical destabilisation through loss of hydrostatic pressure, increased effective stress, and micro-stress redistribution. These processes can irreversibly compromise structural integrity, degrade aquifer ecosystems, and pose significant socio-economic and planning risks. 1.       Introduction Groundwater abstraction from chalk and limestone aquifers is increasingly promoted as a ...

  A Philosophical Reflection on Humanity and Nature – Mike Buchanan 2025 In the grand tapestry of existence, humanity finds itself at a crossroads, a moment suspended between the triumphs of intellect and the fragility of the world we inhabit. Our journey, marked by remarkable advancements in knowledge and technology, has been both a testament to our ingenuity and a harbinger of profound consequences. As we navigate this intricate web of life, we must confront the philosophical implications of our actions and the ethical responsibilities that accompany our dominion over nature. At the heart of our predicament lies a fundamental question: What does it mean to thrive? For centuries, we have equated progress with growth, measuring our success in economic terms, often at the expense of the very ecosystems that sustain us. This anthropocentric worldview, which places human desires more than anything else, has fostered a disconnection from the natural world, a world that is not merel...

  Egregious Accountability: The Illusion of Corporate Goodness in Environmental Exploitation - Mike Buchanan 2025 Abstract: This paper serves as a warning to organisations, particularly those in the media and scientific exploration sectors, about the consequences of prioritising profit over environmental stewardship. As corporations increasingly capitalise on natural resources and cultural heritage, it is imperative to recognise that their actions are being scrutinised. The legacy of environmental degradation and geoethical misconduct will not be forgotten; accountability is essential for the future of our planet. Introduction: In an era where environmental concerns are at the forefront of global discourse, the actions of corporations involved in scientific exploration and media representation carry significant weight. Organisations that exploit natural resources for profit, often under the guise of education and exploration, must understand that their practices have lasting ...