Cave and Karst

  Groundwater Divides and Erosion of Terrestrial Horizons: A Critical Review of the Academic Paradigm - Mike Buchanan, 2022   Introduction The concept of groundwater divides has been a cornerstone of hydrogeology and broader hydrological sciences for decades. However, accumulating evidence challenges the traditional view of these divides as fixed and distinct boundaries. This paper critically examines the prevailing academic paradigm, focusing on the impact of tectonic activity, gravitational forces, and climatic erosion on terrestrial horizons. While the discussion is rooted in hydrogeology, the subject’s relevance spans across geoscientific disciplines due to its broader implications for terrestrial erosion processes, landscape evolution, and resource management. The Traditional Paradigm of Groundwater Divides Historically, the dominant model has operated under two main assumptions: Sharp and distinct groundwater divides – These are viewed as clear-cut ...

  The Interconnected Crisis: Environmental Degradation and Its Impacts Mike Buchanan, 2025   Abstract Environmental degradation is a pressing global issue that threatens the stability of ecosystems and the well-being of human populations. This paper explores three critical aspects of this crisis: ocean acidification, groundwater contamination, and biodiversity loss. It highlights the interconnectedness of these problems and emphasises the urgent need for sustainable practices and international cooperation to mitigate their impacts. Introduction The health of our planet is increasingly compromised by human activities that contribute to environmental degradation. Industrialisation, deforestation, and unsustainable agricultural practices are driving a range of ecological crises. Understanding the complex interactions between these issues is essential for developing effective solutions. This paper focuses on ocean acidification, groundwater contamination, and biodiversit...

  The Role of SiO2 Boxwork in Hypogene Karstification: Distinctions from Epigene Processes and Implications for Secondary Mineral Deposition Buchanan 2022 Abstract This paper explores the significance of SiO2 boxwork structures as indicators of hypogene karstification, contrasting them with epigenetic processes. It discusses the formation mechanisms of chert and boxwork, their implications for groundwater migration, and their role in the development of karst features. The paper emphasises the lack of SiO2 boxwork in epigene environments due to limited groundwater permeation and highlights the relevance of low-energy settings in secondary mineral deposition. Introduction Karst systems are characterised by unique geological features formed through the dissolution of soluble rocks, primarily limestone and dolomite. This paper focuses on the distinctions between hypogene and epigene karstification, particularly the role of SiO2 boxwork structures in hypogene environments. H...

  Reconsidering Groundwater Abstraction in Carbonate Terrains: A Karstological Perspective on Structural Risk and Hydrogeological Oversight Mike Buchanan 2024 Abstract This position paper challenges the prevailing hydrological narrative advocating continued groundwater abstraction from carbonate aquifers, particularly in karstified regions of the UK. While arguments for water resilience are valid, they overlook critical geostructural and ecological dimensions. We argue that sustained drawdown in carbonate successions, especially those with complex karst systems, induces mechanical destabilisation through loss of hydrostatic pressure, increased effective stress, and micro-stress redistribution. These processes can irreversibly compromise structural integrity, degrade aquifer ecosystems, and pose significant socio-economic and planning risks. 1.       Introduction Groundwater abstraction from chalk and limestone aquifers is increasingly promoted as a ...

  A Philosophical Reflection on Humanity and Nature – Mike Buchanan 2025 In the grand tapestry of existence, humanity finds itself at a crossroads, a moment suspended between the triumphs of intellect and the fragility of the world we inhabit. Our journey, marked by remarkable advancements in knowledge and technology, has been both a testament to our ingenuity and a harbinger of profound consequences. As we navigate this intricate web of life, we must confront the philosophical implications of our actions and the ethical responsibilities that accompany our dominion over nature. At the heart of our predicament lies a fundamental question: What does it mean to thrive? For centuries, we have equated progress with growth, measuring our success in economic terms, often at the expense of the very ecosystems that sustain us. This anthropocentric worldview, which places human desires more than anything else, has fostered a disconnection from the natural world, a world that is not merel...

  The Interplay of Gravitational Forces and Anthropogenic Drawdown in Karst Systems: Implications for Sinkhole Formation Mike Buchanan 2025   Abstract  👇 Karst systems, characterised by soluble rock formations such as dolomites and limestone, are highly sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic influences. This document explores the complex interactions between gravitational forces, particularly those exerted by our Moon, and human-induced groundwater drawdown. Lunar and solar tidal forces affect groundwater dynamics and micro-stress fluctuations, while anthropogenic activities lead to significant changes in the vadose zone and hydrostatic pressure. Together, these factors can exacerbate the instability of karst landscapes, increasing the risk of sinkhole formation. Understanding these interactions is crucial for effective groundwater management and the preservation of karst environments. Introduction Karst systems are unique geological formations that deve...