Mike Buchanan's Cave and karst pictures

























































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Histoplasma capsulatum - Histo - South Africa 2006 Histoplasma spores are prevalent in the atmosphere all the time. Our immune systems tolerance is derived by the local level of exposure. Within certain caves, typically low energy systems receding/dropping water table being the key to increased prevalence, the closer to the equator the more the prevalence becomes. Along with all other tropical diseases. Histoplasma capsulatum is an intelligent Dimorphic Fungus. This does not mean it can make tea. The intellect comes in the form of a transformation from a fungus into a yeast, as the spore settles and defuses through the alveoli membranes of the lung, into the blood stream. "Calcareous lesions" as reported radiologically historically, have been disproved by direct biopsy. The prevalence of reactive lymph nodes within the lungs specifically in the mediastinum is what we see as a "storm" on the x-ray image. As with the evolution of the development of your imm
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Karst images

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Karst Images by Mike Buchanan Miniopterus bats in flight Secondary mineral deposits or cave speleothem Fossils Cave Ecology - Miniopterus bats Ooliths Stromatalites Dolomite Karst Cave formations are a small part of karst system conservation NEW For more pictures please click on this link - More Cave and Karst Pictures The most important part of karst systems are  S edimentary Geology, Groundwater, Ecology
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Karst Disasters

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The Worlds Greatest Karst Disaster Involving one hundred years of well-intended anthropogenic destruction, which is destroying a unique karst groundwater system and habitat The city of Johannesburg in South Africa had its beginnings 1886 when gold was discovered on the Witwatersrand by an Australian prospector named George Harrison. Most gold mines in the Johannesburg (JHB) area ceased operation in the late 1970s. These closed mines were considered as future potential reserves. Interspersed amongst them were a few productive mines, which continued to pump out invading groundwater. The mining houses had long relied upon the South African government to help finance the back pumping of ingressing groundwater to enable access to continuous supplies of gold from deeper gold rich seams. At the time many leading academics and others were unaware that the water they were back pumping came from the abundant, dolomitic rock that surrounds Johannesburg. Furthermore, these groundwater re
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