Mike Buchanan's Cave and karst pictures

























































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Histoplasma capsulatum - Histo - South Africa 2006 Histoplasma spores are prevalent in the atmosphere all the time. Our immune systems tolerance is derived by the local level of exposure. Within certain caves, typically low energy systems receding/dropping water table being the key to increased prevalence, the closer to the equator the more the prevalence becomes. Along with all other tropical diseases. Histoplasma capsulatum is an intelligent Dimorphic Fungus. This does not mean it can make tea. The intellect comes in the form of a transformation from a fungus into a yeast, as the spore settles and defuses through the alveoli membranes of the lung, into the blood stream. "Calcareous lesions" as reported radiologically historically, have been disproved by direct biopsy. The prevalence of reactive lymph nodes within the lungs specifically in the mediastinum is what we see as a "storm" on the x-ray image. As with the evolution of the development of your imm...
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  Groundwater Divides and Erosion of Terrestrial Horizons: A Critical Review of the Academic Paradigm - Mike Buchanan, 2022   Introduction The concept of groundwater divides has been a cornerstone of hydrogeology and broader hydrological sciences for decades. However, accumulating evidence challenges the traditional view of these divides as fixed and distinct boundaries. This paper critically examines the prevailing academic paradigm, focusing on the impact of tectonic activity, gravitational forces, and climatic erosion on terrestrial horizons. While the discussion is rooted in hydrogeology, the subject’s relevance spans across geoscientific disciplines due to its broader implications for terrestrial erosion processes, landscape evolution, and resource management. The Traditional Paradigm of Groundwater Divides Historically, the dominant model has operated under two main assumptions: Sharp and distinct groundwater divides – These are viewed as clear-cut ...
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Karst Disasters

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The Worlds Greatest Karst Disaster Involving one hundred years of well-intended anthropogenic destruction, which is destroying a unique karst groundwater system and habitat The city of Johannesburg in South Africa had its beginnings 1886 when gold was discovered on the Witwatersrand by an Australian prospector named George Harrison. Most gold mines in the Johannesburg (JHB) area ceased operation in the late 1970s. These closed mines were considered as future potential reserves. Interspersed amongst them were a few productive mines, which continued to pump out invading groundwater. The mining houses had long relied upon the South African government to help finance the back pumping of ingressing groundwater to enable access to continuous supplies of gold from deeper gold rich seams. At the time many leading academics and others were unaware that the water they were back pumping came from the abundant, dolomitic rock that surrounds Johannesburg. Furthermore, these groundwater re...
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